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The way of subcutaneous injection

Subcutaneous (SC) or injection of a hypodermic injection given way under the skin

The way of subcutaneous injection

1. Determine the location of injection, 1 / 3 of the upper arm, 1 / 3 of the upper thighs around the center.
2. Aseptic precautions, antiseptic.
4. Pins and needles on the location of the injection needle toward 45 degrees
5. Suck a little, make sure no blood sucked.
6. Inject the drug slowly land.
7. Alcohol on cotton to injection site, pull the needle massage the injection site with alcohol cotton.
8. Discarded syringes in a medical place.

The full description of how the drug injection under the skin
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Example Nursing Diagnosis and Careplan Potential for Injury (Apsiration)

Assessment Data Related to Nursing Diagnosis
What Objective and Subjective Data lead you to this one diagnosis.
Objective:
CVA with Left Sided Paralysis
Diminished Gag Reflex
Difficulty Swallowing Liquids
Subjective (from patient or family)
” Mom chokes every time she eats”.

Nursing Diagnosis
Potential for Injury (Aspiration) related to dimminshed gag reflex and impaired swallowing ability

Goal
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Assess for positive symptoms of schizophrenia. These symptoms reflect aberrant mental activity and are usually present early in the first phase of the schizophrenic illness.

Alterations in Thinking

* Delusion: false, fixed belief that is not amenable to change by reasoning. The most frequent elicited delusions include:
o Ideas of reference.
o Delusions of grandeur.
o Delusions of jealousy.
o Delusions of persecution.
o Somatic delusions.
* Loose associations: the thought process becomes illogical and confused.
* Neologisms: made-up words that have a special meaning to the delusional person.
* Concrete thinking: an overemphasis on small or specific details and an impaired ability to abstract.
* Echolalia: pathologic repeating of another’s words.
* Clang associations: the meaningless rhyming of a word in a forceful way.
* Word salad: a mixture of words that is meaningless to the listener.

Alterations in Behavioral Responses
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Appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix, a narrow, blind tube that extends from the inferior part of the cecum just below the ileocecal valve. Although the appendix has no known function, it does regularly fill and empty itself of food. Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed from ulceration of the mucosa or obstruction of the lumen. If untreated, this disease is fatal.

Causes For Appendicitis

Obstruction of the vermiform appendix. Since the appendix is a small, finger-like Appendage of the cecum, it is prone to obstruction as it regularly fills and empties with intestinal contents. obstruction caused by a fecal mass, stricture, barium ingestion, or viral infection. This obstruction sets off an inflammatory process that can lead to infection, thrombosis, necrosis, and perforation.

Complications For Appendicitis
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Ineffective coping: An advanced nursing practice approach
Ineffective coping is an applicable nursing diagnosis evident in several of the patients I have come in contact during my practice and time at TG’s oncology. This case presentation will explore different instances of ineffective coping, applicable nursing interventions, and outcomes from an advance practice nurse perspective. The NANDA definition of ineffective coping is “an inability to for a valid appraisal of stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or inability to use available resources”.
Coping mechanisms are usually conscious methods that the individual uses to overcome a problem or stressor. They are learned adaptive or maladaptive responses to anxiety based of problem solving, they may lead to changed behavior
Inappropriate coping mechanisms can be changed because the patient is usually aware of using them.
EX: Talking out problems with others
Expressing emotion—yelling, crying, laughing
Seeking comfort from friends, food, treasured objects,
smoking, or mind-altering substances
Using humor to relieve tension in a way that avoids fully
acknowledging a difficult situation
Exercising
Avoidance of upsetting situation or confrontation
Using step-by-step approaches to resolution of the problem.
The nurse’s psychosocial assessment of the patient and family should focus on the effect of the illness rather than the physical symptoms.
Assess: Lifestyle information and personality style
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Nursing Care Plans Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development (APA, 2000). The patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has difficulty focusing his attention, engaging in quiet passive activities, or both. Some patients have an attention deficit without hyperactivity; they’re less likely to be diagnosed and receive treatment. Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is present at birth, diagnosis before age 4 or 5 is difficult unless the child exhibits severe symptoms. Some patients, however, aren’t diagnosed until they reach adulthood. Males are three times more likely to be affected than females. The presence of other psychiatric disorders also needs to be determined, this disorder occurs in roughly 3% to 5% of school-age children.

Causes for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is thought to be a physiologic brain disorder with a familial tendency. Some studies indicate that it may result from altered neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Scientists are not sure what causes ADHD, although many studies suggest that genes play a large role. Like many other illnesses, ADHD probably results from a combination of factors. In addition to genetics, researchers are looking at possible environmental factors, and are studying how brain injuries, nutrition, and the social environment might contribute to ADHD

Complications for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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FOUR BASIC LIFT PATIENT

Before lifting an object, the nurse must decide that the object can be lifted by one person safely, if the nurse feels that the object is too heavy or too large, need to ask for help from others. In addition, nurses should assess clients’ motivation and ability in helping to transfer or change positions.
1. Position weight: weight to be lifted should be as close as possible to the lifter. This position will place the object which raised the same level with the lifting.
2. object: the object of the most high to be appointed by the vertical height is 15-20 cm below the waist size up objects.
3. The position of the body: the lifter must plays his ass straight, multiple muscle groups working together
4. Maximum weight: object is too heavy if large more than 25-30% of the lifting body.

STEP:
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Catheterization URINE IN MEN/ How to insert urinary male catheter
Catheterization is used to drain a patient’s urine freely from the bladder or to inject liquids for treatment and diagnosis of certain bladder conditions. Cathing is usually done at a clinic by a nurse, although self-catheterization is also possible

1. Definition
Insert a rubber or plastic tube through the urethra and bladder into
2. Purpose
a. Eliminating bladder distension
b. Obtain a urine specimen
c. Assessing the amount of residual urine, if the bladder is not able to completely emptied
3. Preparation
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Catheter treatment is an act of nursing in maintaining the catheter with antiseptic to clean the tip of the urethra and the catheter outer tube and maintaining the catheter position

Destination:

1. Urinary hygiene
2. Maintaining kepatenan (fixation) catheter
3. Prevent infection
4. Controlling infection

Preparation tools and materials:
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The Nursing diagnosis of nutrition
Initially, the nutrients in the NANDA diagnosis is “Disturbance nutritional needs less / more than the body needs”. But since the edition of 2000s, the diagnosis was revised to a few:
1. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements (148) or nutritional imbalance: less than body requirements
2. Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements (149) or nutritional imbalance: more than body requirements
3. Readiness for enhanced nutrition (150th) or the potential increase in nutrients (nursing diagnosis welfare / wellness)
4. Risk for imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements (151) or the risk of nutritional imbalance: more than body requirements
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