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The Nursing diagnosis of nutrition
Initially, the nutrients in the NANDA diagnosis is “Disturbance nutritional needs less / more than the body needs”. But since the edition of 2000s, the diagnosis was revised to a few:
1. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements (148) or nutritional imbalance: less than body requirements
2. Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements (149) or nutritional imbalance: more than body requirements
3. Readiness for enhanced nutrition (150th) or the potential increase in nutrients (nursing diagnosis welfare / wellness)
4. Risk for imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements (151) or the risk of nutritional imbalance: more than body requirements
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The Nursing diagnosis of “elimination”
Here are some nursing diagnosis related to the elimination of:
1. Bowel incontinence (p. 22) or incontinence alvi / faeces. Changes in defecation patterns. Could be caused by chronic diarrhea, diet, immobilisasi, stress, medication, lack of hygiene during toileting, etc.. Differentiate with a diagnosis of “Diarrhea”. In this diagnosis, normal faeces, only the pattern are changed. For example once-daily routine, because the factors associated, into two or three days.
2. Diarrhea (p. 71) or diarrhea. The main data is not shaped up faeces with liquid. Primarily Indokator bowel (molten) at least three times in one day. The results of auscultation of the abdomen, abdominal cramps and abdominal pain is a sign of the other symptoms. Factors associated divided into three groups; physiological, psychological and situational. For example because of anxiety, high stress levels, the process of inflammation, irritation, malabsorption, toxicity, travel, alcohol consumption and the influence of radiation.
3. Impaired urinary elimination (p. 234) or urine elimination disorders. Read the rest of this entry »

PREVENTING ERRORS IN MAKING NURSING DIAGNOSIS
1. Do not use medical terms. If you must, merely clarify, with the statement given to the `secondary`.
Ex: b.d cancer mastectomy
2. Not formulate nursing diagnosis as a medical diagnosis
Ex: Risk of pneumonia
3. Do not formulate a nursing diagnosis as a nursing intervention
Ex: Using the potty as often as possible bd urge to urinate
4. Do not use vague terms. Use the term / more specific statement.
Ex: No effective clearance of airway difficulty breathing bd
5. Do not write a repeat of nursing diagnosis doctor’s instructions
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CATEGORY OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS
1. Actual Nursing Diagnosis
Actual nursing diagnosis (NANDA) is the presenting diagnosis, clinical conditions have been validated through the major constraints identified characteristics. Nursing diagnosis has four components: label, definition, limitation characteristics, and related factors.
Label is a description of the diagnosis and definition of characteristics limits. Definition emphasizes the clarity, meaning the right to diagnose. Limitation characteristics are characteristics that refer to clinical guidelines, subjective and objective signs. These limits also refers to the symptoms in the group and refers to the nursing diagnosis, which limits teridiri of major and minor. Factors related to the etiology or supporting factors. These factors may affect changes in health status. Related factors consists of four components: pathophysiology, the action related, situational, and maturasional.
Examples of actual nursing diagnosis: activity intolerance associated with a reduction in oxygen transport, secondary to lay tirah long, marked by shortness of breath, breathing frequency of 30 x / min, pulse 62/mnt-lemah, pale, cyanosis.
2. Nursing Diagnosis Risk
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FORMULATION PROCESS NURSING DIAGNOSIS
1. Classification and Data Analysis
Grouping the data is grouped client data or a particular situation where the client has health problems or nursing based on the criteria of the problem. grouping data can be compiled based on the pattern of human response (NANDA taxonomies) and / or patterns of health functions (Gordon, 1982);
Human Response (NANDA Taxonomy II):
a. Exchange
b. Communication
c. Related
d. Values
e. Options
f. Moving
g. Interpretation
h. Knowledge
i. Feeling
Function Health Patterns (Gordon, 1982):
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SETUP REQUIREMENTS NURSING DIAGNOSIS
1. Formulation should be clear and concise client response to the situation or circumstances that faced
2. Spesifi and accurate (certainly)
3. Can be a statement of the cause
4. Providing guidance on nursing care
5. Can be implemented by nurses
6. Mencerminan client’s health condition.

THINGS THAT NEED TO BE FOR DETERMINING THE NURSING DIAGNOSIS
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DEFINITIONS
Nursing diagnosis is a clinical decision about the response of individuals, families and communities about the health problems of actual or potential, which based on education and experience, nurses are akontabilitas can identify and provide for certain interventions to maintain, reduce, limit, stop and change a client’s health status (Carpenito , 2000; Gordon, 1976 & NANDA).
Nursing diagnosis is determined based on analysis and interpretation of data obtained from the study nursing clients. Nursing diagnosis provides a description of the problem or the health status of a real client (actual) and is likely to occur, where the solution can be done within the limits of authority of the nurse.
COMPONENT NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Nursing diagnosis formulation contains three main components, namely:
1. Problem (P / problem), is a picture of a client state of nursing actions which can be given. Problem is the gap or deviations from normal conditions that should not happen.
Objectives: to explain the health status of the client or the client’s health problems are clearly and briefly as possible. Nursing diagnoses have been prepared using an agreed standard (NANDA, Doengoes, Carpenito, Gordon, etc.), so that:
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Nursing Care Plan Pneumonia

1. Breath Pattern ineffectiveness associated with pulmonary infection

Characteristics:

Cough (both productive and non productive), shortness of breath, Tachipnea, breath sounds limited, retracted, fever, diaporesis, ronchii, Cyanosis, leukocytosis.

Destination:

Children will experience breathing pattern characterized by effective:
- The sound is clean and lung breath the same on both sides
- Within the limits of body temperature from 36.5 to 37.2 OC
- The rate of breathing in the normal range
- There is no coughing, Cyanosis, retracted and diaporesis

Intervention
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MEDICAL CONCEPTS ASTHMA

I. DEFINITIONS
Asthma is a disease caused by the increased response of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli are marked by narrowing of bronchial secretions or bronkhiolus and excess – excess of glands – glands in the bronchus mucosa

II. Aetiology
1. Extrinsic Factors
Asthma is caused by a hypersensitivity reaction caused by IgE reacts to antigens contained in the air (antigen – inhalation), such as house dust, pollen – pollen and animal fur
2. Intrinsic Factor
• Infection:
- The virus that causes influenza is the virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Bacteria, such as pertussis and streptokokkus
- Mushrooms, such as Aspergillus
• weather:
changes in air pressure, air temperature, wind and humidity associated with the acceleration
• irritant chemicals, perfumes, cigarette smoke, air pollutants
• Emotional: fear, anxiety and tension
• Excessive activity, such as running

III. Pathology
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Angina pectoris

A. DEFINITIONS
1. Angina pectoris is chest pain due to ischemic infarction generated and temporary or reversible. (The basics of nursing kardiotorasik, 1993)
2. Angina pectoris is a chronic syndrome, in which the client had an attack of typical chest pain that is like a button, or feel heavy in the chest that sometimes spreads to the left arm which arise at the time and soon lost activity when the activity stops. (Prof. Dr. Sjaifoellah H. M. Noer, 1996)
3. Angina pectoris is a term used to describe the type of discomfort that are usually located in the region retrosternum. (Practical Guide Cardiovascular)

B. Aetiology
1. Ateriosklerosis
2. Coronary artery spasm
3. Anemia
4. Arthritis
5. Aortic insufficiency

C. RISK FACTORS
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