Assessment of respiratory system you need to know
GENERAL ASSESSMENT Respiratory System
Physical Examination – Respiratory Physiology
Pulmonary physical examination based on:
1. Air In Respiratory Equipment
- Percussion: the air in the lung vibrating, noisy
- Noise resonant: the sound of tuk-tuks, the comparison between the air / solid = 1
- It could change because of illness:
- Hipersonor / dim
- Emphysema: hipersonor
- Atelectasis: dim
2. Air current
- In the tracheal: noisy tracheal: front neck
- Major bronchi: noisy bronchial: group should scapula
- Bronkhiolus and Alveolus: vesicularities: first and second front
Noise affects the flow speed.
3. Overhead Line
Respiratory tract? ronkhus? Alviolus.
Refinement on astma-noise increases – wheezing
Rapid currents affect noise
4. Obstacle
Votes issued – the vibration of the vocal cords is channeled through the tracheal, bronchi, lung tissue, pleura, thoracic wall – skin: fremitus.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Consists of: Anamnesis, inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.
1. Anamnesis.
a. The main complaint the illness, other organs, spiritual, who have suffered illness, heredity, Estate, nutrition, environment, drugs are used.
2. Local symptoms
- Cough: Dry
: Wet
: Spastic (non easy to stop).
- Shortness of breath
: Due to other diseases
: Stuffy
: Abnormalities of pulmonary
: Gastric disorders, ascites
- Expenditure Sputum
Properties – properties: liquid viscous, sticky, foamy, discolored, odor, amount and blood
- Chest Pain
- Because abnormalities thoracic wall, mediastinum, in the stomach.
In lung tissue does not cause pain – pleural perietalis aroused.
- Sourced from muscle, subcutis, broken ribs, nerve IC
3. General Symptoms
Temperature, dizziness appetite?, Weakness, cold sweat.
LUNG EXAMINATION
1. Inspection
? Position: sitting, lying
? Directions: front, rear, top
? Form:
- Ptisis (long and flat)
- Thorax: the bird’s chest
- Barrel chest (like a barrel)
- Hollow into
? Symmetry
? Respiratory movement
? N Frekkuensi in adults 18-22 x / minute nature of abdominal / thorakoabdominalis
? Frequency of normal in children 30-40 x / min sifatnmya abdominal / thorakoabdominalis.
? Type of breathing:
- Tachipnea:
Lung / heart no interference
- Bradipnea:
balbiturat poisoning, uremia, coma diabetis, processes in the brain
- Cheyne Stokes:
drug poisoning heart disease, lung, kidney, CNS perdrahan.
- Biot:
meningitis
- Kusmaul:
Alcohol poisoning, drugs, diabetic coma, uremia
- Asymmetry:
Pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural effusion, tumor
- Shallow: emphysema, lung tumors, dipleura fluid, pulmonary consolidation
- Hiperpnea:
deeper, normal speed
- Apneustik:
respiratory center of the lesion.
- The apex of the heart rate:
enlarged heart and lung tumor
- Widening the chest veins:
mediastinal tumor
- The pulse chest / back: koarktasio aorta, the anastomosis.
- Highlighting the local chest beating: aneurysma
2. Palpation
a. Examination of thoracic wall defects
- Pain press.
- Swelling
- Dominant
b. Examination signs – signs of lung disease
- Movement of thoracic wall inspiration and expiratory time
- Symmetry
- The vibration of sound (fremitus vocal):
- Me?: Consolidation of lung, lobaris pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction, atelectasis, etc..
- Me? : Pleural filling with water, blood, pus, bronchus obstructed emphysema.
c. Checking for signs – signs of heart disease and aortic
3. Percussion
a. Percussion is to determine the state of pulmonary
? Normal: resonant percussion sound – dug – dug.
? Very resonant: timpanik trial-trial? Air (pneumothoraks).
? Somewhat menggendang: sub timpanik – building (the pleural cavity contains air)
? more resonant: not subtimpanik = hiperresonan Deng-Deng (emphysema, mild pnemonthoraks)
? less resonant: deg – deg (fibrous)
? Dim: bleg-bleg (solid lung)
? Deaf: like the sound of percussion on the thigh (the pleural cavity full of pus, tumor, fibrosis)
b. Limits Lung
? Above: supraclavicular fossa ka – ki
? Bottom: 6 midklavikularis ribs, eight mid-axillary rib, ribs 10 skapularis. Left lung was higher than on the right.
Me? In children, fibrosis, consolidation, pleural effusion.
Me? On the parents, emphysema, pneumothoraks.
4. Auscultation
a. Breath sound
- Bronchial Trakheo: Normal on tracheal, like blowing pipe pneumonia in patients with thoracic
- Bronkhovesikuler: Normal on bronkhi, above the sternum (3-4) vesicular inspiration, ekpirasi tracheo khus Bron
- Vesicularities: Normal lung tissue voice, inspiration and expiration, is not broken, do not sound the thickening.
b. Vocal resonance
Sound on auscultation when patients say words.
- Me on lobarts pneumonia.
- Me? in the pleural effusion, pleural thickness, pneumothoraks.
5. Additional Voice
a. Ronchi: Voice in because of constriction of the lumen of the bronchi bronchi, narrowing due to swollen mucous membrane, tumors pressing the bronchi, wheezing in asthma there.
c. Krepitasi: As the rain patter – patter
Derived from the bronchi, alveoli, pulmonary cavity containing liquid:
- Smooth: The alveoli are covered beginning with the fingers open
- Coarse: Like the sound when you blow the water
ok … so a bit of a general assessment of the respiratory system, there may be additional? to say if you have any additional assessment Respiratory system
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